Urology is a medical specialty that deals with the genitourinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and male reproductive system (testes, prostate, penis). Urologists manage the functional disorders and diseases of these organs, and oversee their surgical or medical treatments. Urological issues encompass a wide range of conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, prostate problems, disorders of reproductive health, and urological cancers. Urologists use various methods including surgical operations, endoscopic procedures, and medication therapies to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases.